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Isolating Lymphocytes from the Mouse Small Intestinal Immune System
11:28

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Published on: February 28, 2018

Teleost intestinal immunology.

Jan H W M Rombout1, Luigi Abelli, Simona Picchietti

  • 1Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. jan.rombout@wur.nl

Fish & Shellfish Immunology
|September 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Teleost gut immunity differs significantly from mammals, with unique immune cell populations and antibody responses. Understanding these fish immune systems is key for developing effective oral vaccines and probiotics.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Aquatic Animal Health
  • Comparative Biology

Background:

  • Teleost gut-associated lymphoid system (GALT) exhibits distinct morphological and functional characteristics compared to mammalian GALT.
  • Key immune cells and local immune responses are present in teleost gut mucosa, enabling monitoring after intestinal immunization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the immune landscape of the teleost gut, focusing on cellular composition, immune responses, and potential applications.
  • To investigate the unique features of teleost mucosal immunity, including antibody isotype secretion and intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) functions.
  • To explore the potential of teleost intestines for oral vaccination and probiotic immune stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of gut-associated lymphoid tissues and immune cell populations in teleosts.
  • Investigation of mucosal immune responses, including antibody production and IEL characterization (CD3-ɛ+/CD8-α+, TCRγδ).
  • Examination of innate immune cell presence, B cell development, and putative T cell precursors in the teleost gut.
  • Study of teleost enteritis models and the role of epithelial cells, IELs, and inflammatory cells.
  • Review of oral vaccination strategies, encapsulation methods, and the impact of microbiota and probiotics.

Main Results:

  • Teleosts possess a diffuse GALT with abundant immune cells, capable of local immune responses.
  • A unique mucosal IgM isotype (potentially IgZ/IgT) is secreted, and a smaller pIgR is present, with unclear transcytosis mechanisms.
  • High numbers of cytotoxic/regulatory IELs, possibly TCRγδ cells, are involved in oral tolerance.
  • Innate immune cells are present early, while B cells appear later in mucosal compartments; early T cell presence suggests extra-thymic development.
  • Teleost enteritis models highlight the role of epithelial cells, IELs, and eosinophils/basophils.
  • Oral vaccination and probiotic administration show promise but face challenges in cost-effectiveness and understanding underlying immune mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Teleost gut immunity is fundamentally different from mammalian GALT, featuring unique cellular players and secretory Ig.
  • The teleost intestine offers a viable platform for oral vaccination and probiotic strategies, though optimization is needed.
  • Further research, potentially utilizing gnotobiotic fish models, is crucial to elucidate the immune mechanisms of microbiota and probiotics in teleosts.