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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Surveying Low-Cost Methods to Measure Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans
10:08

Surveying Low-Cost Methods to Measure Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: May 18, 2022

Elevated histone expression promotes life span extension.

Jason Feser1, David Truong, Chandrima Das

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80010, USA.

Molecular Cell
|September 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging involves chromatin changes, but mechanisms are unclear. This study shows that maintaining histone levels extends lifespan by preserving chromatin structure, revealing a new aging pathway.

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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

Published on: November 30, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

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Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue
09:43

Purification of H3 and H4 Histone Proteins and the Quantification of Acetylated Histone Marks in Cells and Brain Tissue

Published on: November 30, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Aging is associated with alterations in chromatin structure.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms linking chromatin changes to aging remain largely unknown.
  • Histone proteins are fundamental components of chromatin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of chromatin structure, specifically histone levels, in the aging process.
  • To identify molecular mechanisms by which chromatin alterations regulate lifespan.
  • To explore novel pathways for lifespan extension related to histone supply.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized yeast models to study aging and lifespan.
  • Investigated the effects of genetic alterations affecting histone chaperones (Asf1) and histone modifications (histone H3 acetylation on lysine 56).
  • Examined the impact of manipulating histone supply through inactivation of the histone information regulator (Hir) complex and histone overexpression.

Main Results:

  • Normal aging in yeast is characterized by a significant loss of histone proteins from the genome.
  • Deficiency in histone chaperone Asf1 or specific histone H3 acetylation leads to a shortened lifespan, linked to decreased histone levels.
  • Inactivation of the Hir complex or overexpression of histones dramatically extends lifespan through a novel pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Maintenance of fundamental chromatin structure is crucial for decelerating the aging process.
  • Increasing the supply of histones represents a novel strategy for extending lifespan.
  • This research uncovers a distinct pathway for lifespan extension mediated by histone levels and chromatin integrity.