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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

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Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination
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Published on: August 18, 2020

Controlled selectivity for palladium catalysts using self-assembled monolayers.

Stephen T Marshall1, Marykate O'Brien, Brittany Oetter

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 424, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

Nature Materials
|September 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Highly selective palladium catalysts for hydrogenation were developed using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). These thiol-coated catalysts significantly improved selectivity for saturated epoxides from unsaturated precursors, overcoming traditional catalyst limitations.

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Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions
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Mizoroki-Heck Cross-coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Dichloro{bis[1,1',1''-(phosphinetriyl)tripiperidine]}palladium Under Mild Reaction Conditions

Published on: March 20, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Selective hydrogenation of unsaturated epoxides to saturated epoxides is challenging due to the reactive epoxide ring.
  • Traditional platinum group catalysts exhibit low selectivity for this transformation.
  • Controlling surface reactions in heterogeneous catalysis is crucial for efficient chemical conversions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop highly selective palladium catalysts for the hydrogenation of unsaturated epoxides.
  • To investigate the effect of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coatings on catalyst performance.
  • To understand the mechanism by which SAMs enhance selectivity without significant activity loss.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of palladium catalysts coated with n-alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs).
  • Testing catalyst performance in the selective hydrogenation of 1-epoxy-3-butene to 1-epoxybutane.
  • Comparative studies with catalysts modified by CO, hydrocarbons, or sulfur atoms.
  • Analysis of the influence of SAM order and chain length on selectivity and activity.

Main Results:

  • SAM-coated palladium catalysts achieved 94% selectivity for 1-epoxybutane, a significant increase from 11% for uncoated catalysts.
  • Despite sulfur's reputation as a poison, thiol-coated catalysts retained 40% of the reaction rate compared to uncoated catalysts.
  • Catalyst activity decreased with less-ordered SAMs and shorter alkyl chains.
  • SAMs were shown to restrict sulfur coverage, enhancing selectivity without substantial poisoning.

Conclusions:

  • N-alkanethiol SAMs are effective in creating highly selective palladium catalysts for epoxide hydrogenation.
  • SAMs offer a strategy to control surface sulfur coverage, improving selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis.
  • The ordered structure and chain length of SAMs are critical factors for maintaining catalyst activity.