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Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...

Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
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Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

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This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid. The...

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Engineering Molecular Recognition with Bio-mimetic Polymers on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Engineering Molecular Recognition with Bio-mimetic Polymers on Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Published on: January 10, 2017

Towards chirality-pure carbon nanotubes.

Yani Zhang¹, Lianxi Zheng

¹School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore.

|September 14, 2010

Summary

Controlling single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) chirality is key for uniform properties. This review covers post-synthesis separation and direct synthesis methods for chirality-pure SWCNTs.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Chemistry

Background:

As-grown single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit diverse electronic and optical properties due to variations in diameter and chirality.
Achieving uniform SWCNT properties is crucial for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current strategies for obtaining chirality-pure SWCNTs.
To highlight recent advancements in SWCNT separation and synthesis techniques.

Main Methods:

Review of post-synthesis separation techniques based on chiral vectors (n, m).
Review of direct synthesis methods aiming for specific (n, m) SWCNTs.

Main Results:

Significant progress has been made in post-synthesis separation of SWCNTs.

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Direct synthesis approaches are also being developed for controlled (n, m) production.

Conclusions:

Both separation and direct synthesis are vital for producing uniform SWCNTs.
Future research should focus on improving the efficiency and scalability of these methods.