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High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a master regulator of innate immunity
Alessandra Castiglioni1, Valentina Canti, Patrizia Rovere-Querini
1Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, DIBIT-3A1, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Abstract:
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) comprise intracellular molecules characterized by the ability to reach the extracellular environment, where they prompt inflammation and tissue repair. The high-mobility box group 1 (HMGB1) protein is a prototypic DAMP and is highly conserved in evolution. HMGB1 is released upon cell and tissue necrosis and is actively produced by immune cells. Evidence suggests that HMGB1 acts as a key molecule of innate immunity, downstream of persistent tissue injury, orchestrating inflammation, stem cell recruitment/activation, and eventual tissue remodeling.
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