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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
Positive Regulator Molecules01:45

Positive Regulator Molecules

To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.

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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

Circadian oscillators in eukaryotes.

Ingunn W Jolma1, Ole Didrik Laerum2, Cathrine Lillo1

  • 1Centre of Organelle Research, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Systems Biology and Medicine
|September 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organisms use biological clocks, which rely on oscillations, to adapt to daily and seasonal cycles. This review covers circadian oscillators, their temperature compensation, and underlying mechanisms in key species.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The biological clock, found in most eukaryotes, enables adaptation to Earth's rotation and seasonal changes.
  • Circadian oscillators, like high-precision chronometers, utilize oscillation as a fundamental timekeeping mechanism.
  • Understanding these clocks is crucial for comprehending organismal adaptation and survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery, historical development, and general properties of circadian oscillators.
  • To discuss the critical issue of temperature compensation (TC) in biological clocks.
  • To present current knowledge of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms governing circadian oscillators.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of circadian clock research.
  • Analysis of historical data on clock discovery and development.
  • Synthesis of current findings on genetic and molecular mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Circadian oscillators are fundamental to eukaryotic adaptation.
  • Temperature compensation is a key property ensuring clock accuracy across temperatures.
  • Genetic and biochemical pathways underlying circadian rhythms are complex and conserved.

Conclusions:

  • Biological clocks are essential for anticipating environmental changes.
  • Further research into temperature compensation mechanisms is vital.
  • Detailed understanding of circadian oscillator mechanisms in organisms like Neurospora, mammals, and plants advances chronobiology.