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Related Concept Videos

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

Overview of Regeneration and Repair

Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
All animals have varying degrees of...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...

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Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect
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Articular cartilage: structure and regeneration.

José Becerra1, José A Andrades, Enrique Guerado

  • 1Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET-UMA), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.

Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews
|September 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Articular cartilage (AC) lesions can lead to osteoarthritis due to poor self-repair. New cell sources are needed to improve cartilage repair beyond current autologous chondrocyte transplantation methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Articular cartilage (AC) has limited self-repair capacity, making untreated lesions a precursor to osteoarthritis.
  • Autologous chondrocyte transplantation is a current treatment, but has limitations.
  • Novel cell sources are crucial for advancing cartilage repair strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore alternative cell sources for improved articular cartilage repair.
  • To address the limitations of existing cell-based therapies for cartilage defects.

Main Methods:

  • Investigating the properties of articular cartilage as a composite material.
  • Analyzing the structural components of articular cartilage, including collagen and proteoglycans.
  • Evaluating potential new cell sources for transplantation.

Main Results:

  • Articular cartilage functions as a viscoelastic fiber-composite material.
  • Type II collagen fibrils provide tensile strength, while proteoglycans manage hydration and compressive load support.
  • The unique water-retention properties are key to cartilage's load-bearing capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding articular cartilage's material properties is essential for developing effective repair strategies.
  • New cell sources hold promise for overcoming limitations of current treatments like autologous chondrocyte transplantation.
  • Further research into biomimetic approaches can enhance cartilage regeneration.