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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...

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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Lithium differentially affects clock gene expression in serum-shocked NIH-3T3 cells.

Teresa M Osland1, Johan Fernø, Bjarte Håvik

  • 1Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry and Bergen Mental Health Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
|September 15, 2010
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Lithium treatment alters circadian clock gene expression, increasing Period2 (Per2) and Cryptochrome1 (Cry1) while decreasing others. This may explain lithium

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and chronobiology research.
  • Molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythm regulation.

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder is linked to circadian rhythm disturbances.
  • Lithium is a common long-term treatment for bipolar disorder, known to affect biological rhythms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how lithium impacts the expression of key circadian clock genes.
  • To explore the molecular basis for lithium's effects on biological rhythms in bipolar disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Cultured NIH-3T3 cells were synchronized using serum-shocking.
  • Relative expression of 13 core clock genes was measured over three days.
  • Cells were treated with lithium (20 mM) or a vehicle control (20 mM NaCl).

Main Results:

  • Lithium significantly increased the expression of Period2 (Per2) and Cryptochrome1 (Cry1).
  • Lithium reduced the expression of Period3 (Per3), Cryptochrome2 (Cry2), Brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator-like 1 (Bmal1), E4 binding protein 4 (E4BP4), and Rev-Erb-α (Nr1d1).
  • Lithium treatment prolonged the circadian period of Per2 expression.

Conclusions:

  • Lithium's effects on clock gene expression, including Per2 and Cry1 upregulation and others downregulation, are demonstrated.
  • These molecular changes may underlie lithium's influence on biological rhythms.
  • Findings offer new avenues for understanding lithium's mood-stabilizing mechanisms in bipolar disorder treatment.