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Executive function modifies the relationship between occupational lead exposure and complex figure test performance.

Karin S Walsh1, Mark A Celio, Christopher G Vaughan

  • 1Center for Occupational and Environmental Neurology, 2 Hamill Road, Suite 225, Baltimore, MD 21210-1815, USA.

Occupational and Environmental Medicine
|September 15, 2010
PubMed
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Chronic lead exposure impairs non-verbal memory recall, particularly in individuals with poor organizational strategies. Executive functions like organization can mitigate lead

Area of Science:

  • Neurotoxicology
  • Occupational Health
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Chronic lead exposure is a significant public health concern, particularly in occupational settings.
  • Lead toxicity is known to affect various cognitive functions, including memory.
  • Executive functions, such as organizational strategies, may play a role in moderating cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between chronic lead exposure and non-verbal memory performance.
  • To determine if organizational strategies, a facet of executive functions, influence this association.

Main Methods:

  • 358 lead smelter workers underwent the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test (copy and delayed recall).
  • Organizational scores were derived from ROCF performance as a surrogate for executive functions.

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  • Multiple regression analyses examined the relationship between lifetime-weighted average blood lead (TWA) and ROCF outcomes, including interaction with organizational scores.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant association was found between TWA and ROCF delayed recall, but not ROCF copy performance.
    • Organizational scores correlated with ROCF performance but not with education level.
    • Significant interactions between TWA and organizational scores indicated a dose-effect relationship primarily in workers with lower organizational abilities.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic lead exposure is linked to impaired delayed non-verbal memory recall.
    • Organizational strategies significantly modify the impact of lead exposure on memory performance.
    • Workers with effective organizational strategies maintain memory function despite higher lead exposure, unlike those with poor strategies.