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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model
06:49

Methods for Studying Uterine Contributions to Pregnancy Establishment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model

Published on: April 7, 2023

Progesterone receptors and ovulation.

Orla M Conneely1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. orlac@bcm.edu

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|September 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Progesterone is essential for ovulation, acting through progesterone receptors (PRs) in granulosa cells. Disabling PRs or PR-A specifically prevents ovulation by impairing follicular rupture.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Progesterone is a key steroid hormone regulating female ovulation.
  • Its effects are mediated by progesterone receptors (PRs), specifically PR-A and PR-B, which control gene expression in reproductive tissues.
  • Disruption of the progesterone receptor gene (PR) or the PR-A isoform impairs ovulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of progesterone receptors (PRs) in mediating the ovulatory effects of luteinizing hormone (LH).
  • To understand how PRs in mural granulosa cells regulate paracrine signaling and cumulus cell function during ovulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of null mutation of the PR gene and selective disruption of the PR-A isoform.
  • Investigation of gonadotrophin stimulation and its effect on follicular rupture.
  • Examination of LH stimulus transduction through PRs in mural granulosa cells.

Main Results:

  • Null mutation of the PR gene and PR-A isoform disruption result in failed ovulation due to impaired follicular rupture.
  • LH stimulus is transduced by PRs in mural granulosa cells.
  • These PRs induce paracrine signals that regulate cumulus cell matrix function and expansion, facilitating follicular rupture.

Conclusions:

  • Progesterone receptor signaling in mural granulosa cells is critical for LH-induced ovulation.
  • PRs mediate the effects of LH by regulating paracrine factors essential for cumulus expansion and follicular rupture.