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Related Concept Videos

Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.For one, natural selection can only act upon existing genetic variation. Hypothetically, redtusks may enhance elephant survival by deterring ivory-seeking poachers. However, if there are no gene variants—or alleles—for redtusks, natural selection cannot increase the prevalence of...
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
Lethal Alleles02:41

Lethal Alleles

Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
Diversity of Protists I01:15

Diversity of Protists I

Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.The structures that arise from convergent evolution are called analogous structures. They are similar in function even if they are dissimilar in structure. Further, structures can be analogous while also...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assays for the Species-specific Detection of Eimeria that Infect Chickens
06:57

Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assays for the Species-specific Detection of Eimeria that Infect Chickens

Published on: February 20, 2015

The hunt for the epiallele.

Sarah Finer1, Michelle L Holland, Lisa Nanty

  • 1The Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom.

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
|September 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Epialleles, or epigenetic variations, offer insights into phenotypic variation beyond genetics. These molecular events bridge genotype and phenotype, influencing development, health, and evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Phenotypic variation is a central challenge in biology.
  • Genome-wide association studies show common genetic variants have minimal effect sizes on complex traits.
  • The epigenome may represent a missing link between genotype and phenotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the generation and function of mammalian epialleles.
  • To discuss the interaction of epialleles with genetic and environmental factors.
  • To explore the role of epialleles in population variation and evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on epigenetics and epialleles.
  • Discussion of emerging technologies for epiallele detection.
  • Analysis of the relationship between epialleles and phenotype.

Main Results:

  • Epialleles are molecular mechanisms that can influence phenotypic variation.
  • Epialleles interact with genetic and environmental factors.
  • New technologies are enabling better detection and understanding of epialleles.

Conclusions:

  • Epialleles are crucial for understanding the genotype-phenotype relationship.
  • Epialleles play a role in development, health, disease, and evolution.
  • Further research into epialleles is needed to fully understand their contribution to biological diversity.