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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Giant cell arteritis: a clinical and pathological study.

Mahesha Vankalakunti1, B G Dharmanand, Suresh Chandra

  • 1Columbia Asia Referral Hospital, Malleswaram, Bangalore 560055, Karnataka, India.

The National Medical Journal of India
|September 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Giant cell arteritis, a large vessel vasculitis, appears under-recognized in India. Pyrexia of unknown origin is a common symptom in Indian patients with this condition.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Vascular Inflammation

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a vasculitis affecting large and medium-sized vessels, prevalent in Western populations.
  • Limited reports exist on GCA among Indian patients, suggesting potential under-recognition.
  • This study focuses on the clinical presentation and diagnosis of GCA in an Indian cohort.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of giant cell arteritis in Indian patients.
  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and common presentations of GCA in this population.
  • To emphasize the importance of considering GCA in the differential diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin in elderly Indians.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 9 Indian patients (5 men, 4 women; age 59-81 years) undergoing temporal artery biopsy.
  • Evaluation of clinical features, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and biopsy results.
  • Assessment of treatment response to steroids.

Main Results:

  • Eight out of nine patients had biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis.
  • Common presenting symptoms included pyrexia of unknown origin (4/9), headache (6/9), and blurred vision (2/9).
  • Elevated ESR (mean 96 mm/hr) and CRP levels were observed; temporal artery biopsies showed characteristic inflammatory infiltrates with giant cells in most cases. All patients responded well to steroid therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Giant cell arteritis may be under-diagnosed in India.
  • Pyrexia of unknown origin is a significant presenting feature of GCA in Indian patients.
  • GCA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of elderly patients presenting with unexplained fever.