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Characterization of progressive keratitis in otariids
Carmen M H Colitz1, Michael S Renner, Charles A Manire
1Aquatic Animal Eye Care LLC, Jupiter, Florida, USA. ccolitz@gmail.com
Veterinary Ophthalmology
|September 16, 2010
Summary
Progressive keratitis, a common eye disease in otariids (eared seals), affects over 60% of animals, with three stages identified. Sunlight exposure and age are key risk factors for this condition.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Ophthalmology
- Marine Mammal Health
- Ophthalmology
Background:
- Progressive keratitis is a prevalent condition in otariids (eared seals).
- Understanding its characteristics and risk factors is crucial for managing marine mammal eye health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize a progressive keratitis affecting otariids.
- To describe the stages and prevalence of this condition in captive eared seals.
Main Methods:
- Ophthalmologic examinations and digital photography were used.
- 113 captive otariids, including California sea lions, Steller sea lions, and fur seals, were evaluated.
Main Results:
- 64.6% of animals and 62.8% of eyes were affected by keratitis.
- Three stages were identified, with Stage 1 being the mildest and most common.
- Younger animals were more likely to have Stage 1 keratitis, suggesting a progressive nature.
Conclusions:
- Otariid keratitis is widespread across evaluated eared seal populations.
- Chronic sunlight exposure and age are significant risk factors.
- Secondary infections and potential immune system imbalances contribute to disease progression.
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