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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...
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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
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In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Isolation and Purification of Fungal β-Glucan as an Immunotherapy Strategy for Glioblastoma
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Published on: June 2, 2023

Immune modulating effects of β-glucan.

E Angela Murphy1, J Mark Davis, Martin D Carmichael

  • 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA. murphye@mailbox.sc.edu

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|September 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Beta-glucans enhance immune function, offering protection against infection and cancer. Emerging research suggests benefits when combined with cancer therapy, though more human studies are needed.

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Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Beta-glucans are polysaccharides with known immune-modulating properties.
  • Research explores their potential in combating infections and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent scientific literature on beta-glucans' immune effects.
  • To assess their benefits for infection and cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of beta-glucan interactions with pattern recognition receptors.

Main Results:

  • Beta-glucans activate immune responses via receptors like dectin-1.
  • Preclinical data show protection against infection and cancer.
  • Human trials indicate improved quality of life and survival in cancer patients receiving beta-glucans alongside treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Beta-glucans show promise in enhancing immunity and reducing susceptibility to infection and cancer.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and optimize clinical application.