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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Angina IV: Management

IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...

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A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo
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Published on: May 16, 2020

Mechanisms of anthracycline cardiotoxicity and strategies to decrease cardiac damage.

Carrie Anna Geisberg1, Douglas B Sawyer

  • 1Vanderbilt University, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 383 Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6300, USA. carrie.geisberg@vanderbilt.edu

Current Hypertension Reports
|September 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Anthracyclines, vital cancer drugs, can cause heart damage (cardiotoxicity) years later. Current strategies focus on early detection and preventative neurohormonal blockade for high-risk patients.

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Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
04:48

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Published on: January 7, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Anthracyclines are widely used chemotherapy drugs for various cancers.
  • A significant limitation to their use is cardiotoxicity, which can manifest up to 20 years post-exposure.
  • The mechanisms underlying anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) are complex and multifactorial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
  • To discuss current and potential strategies for preventing and treating AIC.
  • To highlight the role of early detection and prophylactic measures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on anthracycline mechanisms and cardiotoxicity.
  • Analysis of cellular and animal models investigating AIC.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic strategies and diagnostic advancements.

Main Results:

  • Anthracyclines induce cellular injury via free radical production, DNA intercalation, and modulation of intracellular signaling pathways.
  • Disruption of sarcomere maintenance and cell death are key components of AIC.
  • No universally acknowledged specific therapies exist to prevent or treat AIC.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of cardiac injury using advanced imaging and biomarkers is crucial.
  • High-risk patients may benefit from prophylactic neurohormonal blockade with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-adrenergic receptor blockers.
  • Further research is needed to develop specific cardiac-protective therapies against anthracyclines.