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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
09:29

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Published on: August 21, 2017

Neuromyelitis optica.

William M Carroll1, Kazuo Fujihara

  • 1Department of Neurology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital and the Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders Australian Neuromuscular Research Institute, University of Western Australia, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia, William.Carroll@health.wa.gov.au.

Current Treatment Options in Neurology
|September 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a relapsing inflammatory condition affecting optic nerves and spinal cord, is linked to NMO-IgG autoantibodies targeting aquaporin-4. Early treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone, plasma exchange, and immunosuppressants is crucial for managing attacks and preventing relapses.

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Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
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Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
12:23

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Demyelinating Diseases
  • Autoimmune Disorders

Background:

  • Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), also known as Devic's disease, is a severe autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the optic nerves and spinal cord.
  • Pathogenesis involves acute inflammation targeting astrocytes, leading to demyelination and axonal injury, often associated with NMO-IgG autoantibodies against aquaporin-4.
  • NMO attacks can cause significant visual impairment and myelopathy, and diagnostic uncertainty with multiple sclerosis can delay treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an expert opinion on the optimal management of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and NMO spectrum disorders.
  • To guide therapeutic decisions for acute attacks and long-term relapse prevention in NMO patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current understanding of NMO pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of case series and expert consensus on treatment strategies.
  • Discussion of therapeutic options for acute attacks and long-term management.

Main Results:

  • Acute NMO attacks are best managed with high-dose methylprednisolone and plasma exchange.
  • Relapse prevention involves immunosuppressive therapy, including azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, or rituximab, often combined with low-dose prednisolone.
  • Therapy duration should extend up to 5 years, even after a single attack in high-risk individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt initiation of therapies targeting acute injury and humoral mechanisms is essential upon suspicion of NMO.
  • Long-term immunosuppressive therapy is recommended for relapse prevention in NMO and NMO spectrum disorders.
  • Treatment decisions are based on current understanding of pathogenesis and expert opinion due to a lack of controlled trials.