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Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
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Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
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Tourette's Disorder.

Gholson J Lyon1, David Shprecher, Barbara Coffey

  • 1Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, Overlook Hospital, 99 Beauvoir Avenue, Summit, NJ, 07902, USA.

Current Treatment Options in Neurology
|September 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tourette's disorder (TD) involves chronic tics and often co-occurs with ADHD and OCD. Current treatments for TD tics have limited effectiveness and side effects, prompting research into new therapies.

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Published on: November 21, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychiatry
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Tourette's disorder (TD) is a prevalent childhood-onset neuropsychiatric condition.
  • TD is characterized by persistent motor and vocal tics.
  • Co-occurrence with ADHD and OCD is common, impacting quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current treatments for Tourette's disorder.
  • To discuss the efficacy and limitations of existing therapies.
  • To explore emerging and unproven treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of established and novel TD treatments.
  • Analysis of clinical response and adverse effects of therapies.
  • Discussion of non-pharmacological interventions and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Existing treatments (alpha-2 agonists, antipsychotics, tetrabenazine, benzodiazepines, HRT) show variable efficacy and side effects.
  • Emerging treatments like topiramate and dopamine agonists are under investigation.
  • Deep brain stimulation is a potential future therapy but not yet widely applicable.

Conclusions:

  • Current Tourette's disorder treatments are insufficient for many patients.
  • Further research is needed to develop more effective and safer therapeutic strategies.
  • A comprehensive approach considering co-occurring conditions is essential for managing TD.