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Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...

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A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
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Piperidine-based renin inhibitors: upper chain optimization.

Olivier Corminboeuf1, Olivier Bezençon, Luboš Remeň

  • 1Drug Discovery Chemistry & Biochemistry, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Gewerbestrasse 16, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters
|September 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers optimized novel piperidine-based renin inhibitors, leading to the discovery of compound 11 (ACT-178882, MK-1597). This potent renin inhibitor shows promise for further therapeutic development.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Renin inhibitors are crucial for managing hypertension.
  • Previous research identified 3,4-disubstituted piperidine scaffolds as promising for renin inhibition.
  • Optimization of lead compounds is essential for developing effective therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize the 4-position of novel piperidine-based renin inhibitors.
  • To synthesize and characterize new chemical entities.
  • To identify a renin inhibitor with a profile suitable for clinical development.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic chemical modification of the piperidine scaffold at the 4-position.
  • Synthesis of a library of novel compounds.
  • In vitro and in vivo characterization of biological activity and pharmacokinetic properties.

Main Results:

  • Successful optimization of the 4-position led to enhanced renin inhibitory activity.
  • Compound 11 (ACT-178882, MK-1597) emerged as a potent and selective renin inhibitor.
  • Compound 11 demonstrated favorable properties for further preclinical and clinical evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • The 4-position of the piperidine scaffold is a critical determinant of renin inhibitory potency.
  • Compound 11 represents a significant advancement in the development of novel renin inhibitors.
  • Further development of compound 11 is warranted for the treatment of renin-dependent diseases.