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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
09:31

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Published on: March 22, 2016

Herpesviruses and chromosomal integration.

Guillaume Morissette1, Louis Flamand

  • 1Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada.

Journal of Virology
|September 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Herpesviruses, including human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), can integrate their DNA into host chromosomes. This review explores viral integration, focusing on HHV-6 and its potential clinical implications.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Herpesviruses are a diverse viral family infecting vertebrates.
  • Viral DNA typically circularizes into an episome, but chromosomal integration occurs.
  • Recent findings highlight frequent human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) DNA integration into human chromosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of herpesvirus chromosomal integration.
  • To present the current understanding of HHV-6 integration.
  • To discuss potential clinical implications of viral integration.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of herpesvirus biology and chromosomal integration.
  • Analysis of studies reporting HHV-6 DNA detection in human chromosomes.

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Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining
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Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Published on: January 23, 2014

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins
08:26

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
09:31

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Published on: March 22, 2016

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining
13:22

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Published on: January 23, 2014

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins
08:26

Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins

Published on: August 31, 2017

Main Results:

  • Herpesvirus DNA can exist as extrachromosomal DNA or integrate into host chromosomes.
  • Marek's disease virus and Epstein-Barr virus show rare integration.
  • Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) DNA is frequently detected integrated into human chromosomes in ~1% of the population.

Conclusions:

  • Chromosomal integration is a notable property of certain herpesviruses, particularly HHV-6.
  • Understanding HHV-6 integration mechanisms is crucial.
  • Further research is needed to explore the clinical significance of HHV-6 chromosomal integration.