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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

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Opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance.

Mary Hanna Bekhit1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. mbekhit@mednet.ucla.edu

American Journal of Therapeutics
|September 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Opioid therapy for pain can paradoxically increase pain sensitivity, a condition known as opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Understanding and preventing this phenomenon is crucial for effective pain management.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Opioids are first-line for moderate to severe pain but can paradoxically worsen pain.
  • Postoperative and chronic pain patients may experience exaggerated pain due to opioid therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) and opioid tolerance.
  • To differentiate between OIH and tolerance and their management.
  • To review underlying mechanisms, current literature, and treatment/prevention strategies for OIH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review addressing key questions on OIH.
  • Analysis of neuroanatomic and molecular mechanisms.
  • Examination of recent literature on OIH and pre-emptive analgesia.

Main Results:

  • Opioid exposure can lead to hyperalgesia, complicating pain assessment.
  • Distinguishing OIH from tolerance is critical for appropriate clinical management.
  • Existing literature suggests various treatment and prevention modalities for OIH.

Conclusions:

  • Opioid-induced hyperalgesia is a significant clinical concern that requires a paradigm shift in pain management.
  • Further research and clinical attention are needed to effectively manage and prevent OIH.
  • Understanding OIH can improve the perception and management of perioperative and chronic pain.