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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
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Published on: March 12, 2021

Effective glenoid version in professional baseball players.

Mark C Drakos1, Joseph U Barker, Daryl C Osbahr

  • 1Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA. mdrakos@yahoo.com

American Journal of Orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.)
|September 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elite throwing athletes exhibit increased glenoid retroversion compared to non-throwers. This morphological difference in the throwing shoulder may contribute to internal impingement in overhead athletes.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The biomechanics of the throwing shoulder are not fully understood.
  • Glenoid morphology plays a crucial role in shoulder stability and function during throwing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and characterize glenoid morphology in elite throwing athletes.
  • To compare glenoid morphology between professional baseball players and a control group.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 38 professional baseball players and 35 age-matched controls.
  • Seven specific glenoid measurements, including version and concavity depth, were taken by blinded reviewers.
  • Statistical analysis to compare measurements between groups.

Main Results:

  • Elite throwers showed significantly greater glenoid retroversion (osseous and soft tissue) compared to non-throwing controls.
  • No significant differences in glenoid morphology were found between pitchers and fielders within the throwing group.
  • Minor differences were observed between dominant and non-dominant shoulders in the control group.

Conclusions:

  • Increased glenoid retroversion is a distinct morphological characteristic of elite throwing athletes.
  • This retroversion may predispose overhead athletes to developing internal impingement syndrome.