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Hexavalent chromium exposure and control in welding tasks.

John D Meeker1, Pam Susi, Michael R Flynn

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. meekerj@umich.edu

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
|September 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Hexavalent chromium (CrVI) overexposure is common in stainless steel welding, particularly in construction. Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) significantly reduces CrVI exposure, highlighting its importance for worker safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Environmental Science
  • Industrial Hygiene

Background:

  • Exposure to hexavalent chromium (CrVI), a known lung carcinogen, during welding is a significant occupational health concern.
  • Limited data exists on CrVI exposure levels and the effectiveness of engineering controls like local exhaust ventilation (LEV) in the construction industry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize breathing zone CrVI concentrations during welding tasks across various datasets.
  • To identify factors contributing to CrVI exposure.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of LEV in reducing CrVI exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of four datasets: OSHA compliance data, The Welding Institute (TWI) database, CPWR field surveys, and controlled welding trials.
  • Statistical analysis to identify predictors of CrVI concentrations.
  • Assessment of LEV effectiveness in controlled trials.

Main Results:

  • CrVI exposure exceeded OSHA's permissible exposure level (PEL) in 9-25% of samples across datasets.
  • Base metal, welding process, and LEV use were key predictors of CrVI levels.
  • LEV reduced median CrVI concentrations by 68% in controlled trials.

Conclusions:

  • Overexposure to CrVI during stainless steel welding is prevalent, especially in construction.
  • Effective engineering controls, specifically LEV, can substantially reduce worker exposure to CrVI.