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Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment

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Breast-axillary complex in HIV/AIDS patients.

U E Eni¹, H U Naaya, K D T Yawe

¹Department of Surgery, UMTH. P. M. B 1414, Maiduguri. ucheni2002@yahoo.com

Nigerian Journal of Medicine : Journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria

|September 18, 2010

Summary

Unusual breast and axillary swelling in HIV/AIDS patients can mimic cancer. Early diagnosis is crucial, as these cases often involve inflammatory conditions rather than malignancy, guiding appropriate surgical and medical management.

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Oncology
Surgical Pathology

Background:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) presents diagnostic challenges, particularly in developing nations.
HIV/AIDS can alter the presentation of common diseases, leading to complex and atypical clinical manifestations.

Observation:

Three adult female patients presented with progressive axillary and ipsilateral breast swelling, fever, and weight loss, fearing breast cancer.
One patient was on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART).

Findings:

Clinical examination revealed axillary abscess and breast edema in two patients; the HAART-treated patient had a hard breast-axillary mass.
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) and subsequent histology showed chronic inflammation without malignancy in all cases.
All patients tested positive for HIV.

Implications:

This highlights the diverse presentations of HIV/AIDS, emphasizing the need for surgeons to consider this in patients with breast-axillary masses.
Accurate diagnosis is vital to prevent unnecessary or harmful surgical interventions, especially in resource-limited settings.