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Bipolar Disorder

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A 2-year naturalistic study on cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder.

B Arts¹, N Jabben, L Krabbendam

¹Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. b.arts@np.unimaas.nl

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

|September 18, 2010

Summary

Cognitive function in bipolar disorder fluctuates significantly over time. Sustained attention is an exception, showing temporal stability and potentially serving as an intermediary phenotype.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry

Background:

Cognitive deficits are common in bipolar disorder, but the influence of clinical factors on their longitudinal course is not well understood.
Genetic factors may contribute to cognitive alterations in bipolar disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the longitudinal cognitive functioning in patients with bipolar disorder.
To examine the impact of mood, medication, and other factors on cognitive performance over time.

Main Methods:

A prospective, repeated measures design was employed with 76 patients with bipolar (spectrum) disorder.
Cognitive assessments were conducted monthly over a 2-year period, with regression models used to analyze predictors.

Main Results:

Patients with bipolar disorder showed worse performance than controls across all cognitive domains, with small effect sizes.
Cognitive performance varied significantly over time, correlating with subjective complaints and functional impact.
Sustained attention and motor speed impairments were invariant over time.
Second-generation antipsychotics were associated with the most significant negative cognitive effects, particularly on motor speed and information processing.

Conclusions:

Cognitive function in bipolar disorder is highly variable over time and largely independent of clinical factors.
Sustained attention's temporal stability suggests its potential as an intermediary phenotype for bipolar disorder.