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Amebiasis

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess

Published on: March 15, 2024

Hepato-pancreatic ascariasis.

Uptal De¹, M Mukherjee, S Das

¹Medical College, Kolkata - Surgery, Kolkata, India. utpalde@vsnl.net

Tropical Doctor

|September 18, 2010

Summary

Hepatopancreatic ascariasis (HPA) is a rare condition where Ascaris lumbricoides worms lodge in the bile or pancreatic ducts. This report details four uncommon cases of HPA in India, highlighting this unusual parasitic disease.

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology and Parasitology
Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases

Background:

Ascariasis lumbricoides is a common intestinal nematode infection in India.
The typical location for adult Ascaris lumbricoides is the human jejunum.
Hepatopancreatic ascariasis (HPA) represents a rare complication of ascariasis.

Observation:

This report presents four distinct cases of HPA.
Patients experienced complications due to adult Ascaris lumbricoides in the biliary or pancreatic ducts.
The cases underscore the unusual presentations of this parasitic infestation.

Findings:

The study identifies and illustrates four rare instances of HPA.
Confirmation of adult Ascaris lumbricoides within the hepatopancreatic system was established.

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The findings emphasize the potential for aberrant migration of Ascaris.

Implications:

Increased awareness of HPA is crucial for clinicians managing ascariasis.
Early diagnosis and intervention can prevent severe complications associated with biliary and pancreatic ascariasis.
Further research into the predisposing factors and management strategies for HPA is warranted.