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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would not...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays
12:48

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays

Published on: February 19, 2013

Human oocytes express ATP-sensitive K(+) channels.

Qingyou Du1, Sofija Jovanović, Andriy Sukhodub

  • 1Division of Medical Sciences/MACHS, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.

Human Reproduction (Oxford, England)
|September 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian oocytes express ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels, crucial for linking cell metabolism to membrane excitability. This discovery opens new research avenues into oocyte physiology and conception.

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Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in Electrophysiological Experiments
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Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4
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Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays
12:48

Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays

Published on: February 19, 2013

Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in Electrophysiological Experiments
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Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in Electrophysiological Experiments

Published on: December 31, 2016

Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4
12:09

Yeast Luminometric and Xenopus Oocyte Electrophysiological Examinations of the Molecular Mechanosensitivity of TRPV4

Published on: December 31, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cellular Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels regulate cellular excitability and function.
  • These channels are protein complexes of Kir6.x and SURx subunits.
  • Their presence in mammalian oocytes was previously unconfirmed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of K(ATP) channels in mammalian oocytes (human, bovine, porcine).
  • To determine the specific subunits involved in oocyte K(ATP) channel complexes.
  • To assess the functional relevance of K(ATP) channels in oocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Real-time RT-PCR to detect mRNA for Kir6.x and SURx subunits.
  • Electrophysiology (patch-clamp) to measure whole-cell potassium currents.
  • Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting to confirm protein presence.

Main Results:

  • mRNA for Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR2A, and SUR2B detected in human oocytes; SUR2B and Kir6.2 in bovine/porcine.
  • K(ATP) channel proteins (Kir6.1, SUR2) confirmed in human oocytes.
  • Functional K(ATP) channels activated by metabolic inhibition and blocked by glibenclamide observed in human oocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian oocytes express functional K(ATP) channels.
  • This finding establishes a link between oocyte metabolism and membrane excitability.
  • Opens new research directions for oocyte physiology, particularly concerning conception.