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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...

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Gestational prediabetes: a new term for early prevention?

Joel G Ray1, Howard Berger, Lorraine L Lipscombe

  • 1Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. rayj@smh.toronto.on.ca

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|September 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary

We propose "gestational prediabetes" to identify pregnant women with elevated early glucose levels, enabling timely interventions to prevent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and improve pregnancy outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
  • Early identification of at-risk pregnancies is crucial for timely intervention and improved maternal-fetal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define the concept of "gestational prediabetes" for early identification of pregnant women at risk for GDM.
  • To explore potential early screening methods for gestational prediabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual definition of gestational prediabetes based on early pregnancy glycemic markers.
  • Discussion of potential early detection methods including glycaemic testing, ultrasonography (visceral adiposity, hepatic fat), and biomarker measurement (sex hormone-binding globulin, adiponectin).

Main Results:

  • Gestational prediabetes is defined as elevated early pregnancy glucose levels below the GDM diagnostic threshold.
  • Potential screening methods require further systematic comparison with conventional predictors like BMI and waist circumference.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying gestational prediabetes in early pregnancy could allow for timely interventions to prevent GDM onset and associated risks.
  • Early interventions, such as managing excessive weight gain, may reduce the need for intensive GDM management or insulin therapy.