[Toxocariasis].

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Parasitology
• Human and Animal Health
• Infectious Diseases

Context:

• Toxocariasis, a neglected tropical disease, poses diagnostic challenges due to non-specific symptoms and potential for severe, multi-organ pathology.
• The parasitic infection by *Toxocara canis* or *Toxocara cati* remains a significant public health concern globally, especially affecting pediatric populations.
• Understanding the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of toxocariasis is crucial for effective public health interventions.

Purpose:

• To consolidate current knowledge on toxocariasis, emphasizing its global and Polish distribution.
• To outline diagnostic methodologies and therapeutic strategies for managing toxocariasis.
• To underscore the importance of preventive measures against *Toxocara* infections.

Summary:

• This review synthesizes available data on toxocariasis, addressing its complex diagnosis stemming from non-specific clinical signs and diverse organ system involvement.
• Epidemiological data concerning the distribution of toxocariasis, particularly in Poland and worldwide among children, is presented.
• Key aspects discussed include diagnostic approaches, patient treatment protocols, and essential prophylactic measures to control the spread of this zoonotic disease.

Impact:

• Improved understanding of toxocariasis epidemiology can guide targeted public health initiatives and resource allocation.
• Enhanced diagnostic awareness may lead to earlier detection and more effective treatment, reducing long-term morbidity.
• Effective prophylaxis strategies are vital for preventing human infection and controlling parasite reservoirs in domestic animals.