Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

CD46 regulates hepatitis B virus entry by modulating cell-surface NTCP levels through cis-interaction.

Journal of molecular cell biology·2025
Same author

ARNAX is an ideal adjuvant for COVID-19 vaccines to enhance antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses and neutralizing antibody induction.

Journal of virology·2025
Same author

Poly(I:C) signaling induces robust CXCL10 production and apoptosis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Human cell·2025
Same author

Th1 adjuvant ARNAX, in combination with radiation therapy, enhances tumor regression in mouse tumor-implant models.

Immunology letters·2024
Same author

Two Modes of Th1 Polarization Induced by Dendritic-Cell-Priming Adjuvant in Vaccination.

Cells·2023
Same author

Innate-Acquired Linkage in Immunotherapy.

Cells·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development
09:03

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Published on: June 19, 2018

Innate immunity and vaccine.

Tsukasa Seya1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. seya-tu@pop.med.hokudai.ac.jp

Vaccine
|September 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Immune adjuvants, artificial pathogen-associated molecular patterns, enhance immune responses. This study details how adjuvants stimulate dendritic cells to activate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Immune adjuvants are synthetic pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) designed to amplify immune responses.
  • Vaccines combine antigens with PAMPs to elicit immune responses by activating antigen-presenting cells, specifically myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which immune adjuvants, acting via mDC maturation, stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell activity.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the pathways involved in mDC maturation.
  • Investigates the subsequent activation of CTL and NK cells in response to adjuvant stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Adjuvant-induced mDC maturation is shown to be a critical step in activating effector immune cells.

More Related Videos

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection
07:36

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection

Published on: February 28, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development
09:03

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Published on: June 19, 2018

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection
07:36

Contact-Free Co-Culture Model for the Study of Innate Immune Cell Activation During Respiratory Virus Infection

Published on: February 28, 2021

  • Specific pathways leading to CTL and NK cell engagement are identified.

    • Conclusions:

    • Adjuvants play a crucial role in shaping adaptive and innate immune responses by directing mDC maturation.
    • Understanding these pathways can inform the development of more effective vaccines and immunotherapies.