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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Expansion, Purification, and Functional Assessment of Human Peripheral Blood NK Cells
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Expansion, Purification, and Functional Assessment of Human Peripheral Blood NK Cells

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Natural killer cell education and tolerance.

Mark T Orr1, Lewis L Lanier

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Cell
|September 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Natural killer (NK) cells protect against infections and cancer. Mechanisms ensure these immune cells, which can harm healthy tissues, only target threats, preventing autoimmunity.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial for immunity against infections and cancer.
  • NK cells possess activating receptors for self-molecules and inhibitory receptors for MHC class I.
  • Unrestrained NK cell activity can lead to autoimmunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the major mechanisms of NK cell education and tolerance.
  • To explain how NK cells distinguish between self and non-self cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of NK cell function and regulation.
  • Analysis of NK cell education and tolerance pathways.

Main Results:

  • NK cell activity is regulated by a balance of activating and inhibitory signals.

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  • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are key targets for inhibitory receptors.
  • Multiple tolerance mechanisms exist to prevent NK cell-mediated damage to healthy tissues.

    • Conclusions:

    • NK cell education and tolerance are essential for preventing autoimmunity.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for developing immunotherapies.