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Related Concept Videos

Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway interventions are...

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Topical Airway Anesthesia for Awake-endoscopic Intubation Using the Spray-as-you-go Technique with High Oxygen Flow
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Published on: January 13, 2017

Anesthesia, sleep, and upper airway collapsibility.

David R Hillman1, Peter R Platt, Peter R Eastwood

  • 1West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Department of Pulmonary Physiology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, Australia. David.Hillman@health.wa.gov.au

Anesthesiology Clinics
|September 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anesthesia and sleep increase risks of upper airway obstruction, particularly for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Early identification and careful perioperative management are crucial for patient safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Both anesthesia and natural sleep reduce pharyngeal muscle activity and lung volume, increasing upper airway obstruction risk.
  • Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) often experience airway management challenges during the perioperative period.
  • Compromised arousal responses during sleep and anesthesia heighten vulnerability to asphyxiation in OSA patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the link between anesthesia, sleep, and upper airway obstruction.
  • To emphasize the perioperative risks for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
  • To underscore the role of anesthesiologists in identifying undiagnosed OSA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological mechanisms linking anesthesia, sleep, and airway patency.
  • Analysis of perioperative risks associated with obstructive sleep apnea.
  • Discussion of clinical implications for patient identification and management.

Main Results:

  • Anesthesia and sleep similarly reduce pharyngeal dilator muscle activation and lung volume.
  • Patients with OSA face heightened risks during the perioperative period due to impaired arousal.
  • A significant number of OSA cases remain undiagnosed, presenting a challenge for perioperative care.

Conclusions:

  • Preoperative evaluation and perioperative monitoring are essential for identifying at-risk patients.
  • Anesthesiologists are uniquely positioned to detect potential obstructive sleep apnea.
  • Vigilant postoperative care and specific follow-up are necessary for patients with known or suspected OSA to address the sleep-related component.