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Related Concept Videos

Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
American Trypanosomiasis01:22

American Trypanosomiasis

Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Amebiasis01:28

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice
06:57

In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice

Published on: February 20, 2020

[Visceral leishmaniasis: an update].

B Faucher1, R Piarroux

  • 1Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de La-Timone, Université de la Méditerranée, 264, rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France. Benoit.Faucher@ap-hm.fr

La Revue De Medecine Interne
|September 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visceral leishmaniasis is spreading globally due to environmental changes and human migration, increasing HIV/Leishmania coinfection. Advances in diagnosis (PCR) and treatment (liposomal amphotericin B) offer new hope.

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In vivo Imaging of Transgenic Leishmania Parasites in a Live Host
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In vivo Imaging of Transgenic Leishmania Parasites in a Live Host

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In Vivo Infection with Leishmania amazonensis to Evaluate Parasite Virulence in Mice
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Published on: February 20, 2020

In vivo Imaging of Transgenic Leishmania Parasites in a Live Host
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In vivo Imaging of Transgenic Leishmania Parasites in a Live Host

Published on: July 27, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) epidemiology is evolving, with the disease spreading to new territories and urban areas.
  • Global warming, human activity, and population movements are driving the geographic expansion of VL.
  • The incidence of HIV/Leishmania coinfection is rising in developing nations, despite effective antiretroviral therapy reducing it in Europe.

Purpose:

  • To review recent advancements in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of visceral leishmaniasis.
  • To highlight the changing epidemiology and increasing global burden of VL.
  • To discuss emerging challenges such as drug resistance and coinfections.

Summary:

  • Diagnosis has improved with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in developed countries and field-deployable tools like antigenuria and rK39 dipsticks.
  • Treatment strategies have evolved due to antimoniate resistance, with miltefosine (oral) and liposomal amphotericin B (short-course) showing promise.
  • In France, liposomal amphotericin B is preferred over meglumine antimoniate for better tolerance and shorter hospital stays.
  • Canine protection through vaccination or deltamethrin-impregnated collars is effective in preventing zoonotic VL caused by Leishmania infantum.

Impact:

  • Improved diagnostic accuracy and accessibility for visceral leishmaniasis.
  • Development of more effective and tolerable treatment regimens, including oral and short-course options.
  • Effective strategies for preventing zoonotic transmission, particularly in canine populations.
  • Addressing the growing public health challenge of visceral leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection.