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Related Concept Videos

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Differentiation Capacity of Human Aortic Perivascular Adipose Progenitor Cells
10:43

Differentiation Capacity of Human Aortic Perivascular Adipose Progenitor Cells

Published on: March 5, 2019

Resident vascular progenitor cells.

Evelyn Torsney1, Qingbo Xu

  • 1Division of Cardiac & Vascular Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK.

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
|September 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Resident progenitor cells in vessel walls may aid repair after injury. This review explores their differentiation and role in vascular disease, highlighting current knowledge gaps.

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Isolation of Perivascular Multipotent Precursor Cell Populations from Human Cardiac Tissue
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Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Healthy Volunteers and Their Migratory Potential Influenced by Serum Samples After Cardiac Surgery

Published on: February 14, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Differentiation Capacity of Human Aortic Perivascular Adipose Progenitor Cells
10:43

Differentiation Capacity of Human Aortic Perivascular Adipose Progenitor Cells

Published on: March 5, 2019

Isolation of Perivascular Multipotent Precursor Cell Populations from Human Cardiac Tissue
08:15

Isolation of Perivascular Multipotent Precursor Cell Populations from Human Cardiac Tissue

Published on: October 8, 2016

Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Healthy Volunteers and Their Migratory Potential Influenced by Serum Samples After Cardiac Surgery
08:43

Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Healthy Volunteers and Their Migratory Potential Influenced by Serum Samples After Cardiac Surgery

Published on: February 14, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Vessel wall homeostasis is crucial for cardiovascular health.
  • Vascular cell turnover increases significantly after injury, such as angioplasty.
  • While mature cells can proliferate, resident stem/progenitor cells may also contribute to vascular repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the presence and characteristics of resident progenitor cells in the vascular wall.
  • To explore signaling pathways involved in progenitor cell differentiation into endothelial and smooth muscle cells.
  • To discuss challenges and controversies regarding the functional role of these cells in vascular repair and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on vascular progenitor cells.
  • Analysis of studies on progenitor cell differentiation in vitro.
  • Examination of phenotypic markers and potential signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Resident progenitor cells (endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, Sca-1+, CD34+) are found in all three vascular layers.
  • These cells demonstrate differentiation potential into various cell types under specific culture conditions.
  • Evidence suggests their involvement in vascular repair and neointimal lesion formation.

Conclusions:

  • Resident vascular progenitor cells are present and possess differentiation capabilities.
  • Understanding their differentiation mechanisms and functional roles is critical for addressing vascular repair and disease.
  • Further research is needed to overcome limitations and resolve controversial issues in the field.