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Related Concept Videos

Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Development and Validation of a Quantitative PCR Method for Equid Herpesvirus-2 Diagnostics in Respiratory Fluids
09:57

Development and Validation of a Quantitative PCR Method for Equid Herpesvirus-2 Diagnostics in Respiratory Fluids

Published on: March 17, 2016

Diagnostic and vaccine chapter.

J H Wolfram1, S K Kokanov, O A Verkhovsky

  • 1CRDF Technical Consultant, Arlington, VA, USA. mgoldshmidt@crdf.org

Vaccine
|September 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new killed composite vaccine offers a safe and effective method for animal immunization. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can accurately distinguish between vaccinated and Brucella-infected cattle.

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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

Published on: February 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Brucellosis remains a significant zoonotic disease globally, impacting animal health and agricultural economies.
  • Current diagnostic methods for Brucellosis can struggle to differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals, complicating disease control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel killed composite vaccine for Brucellosis.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) for differentiating vaccinated from infected cattle.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a non-infectious, killed composite vaccine with assessed safety and reactivity profiles.
  • Application of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) for detecting Brucella-specific antibodies in cattle sera.

Main Results:

  • The killed composite vaccine demonstrated low reactivity, was non-abortive, and did not cause adverse pathomorphological changes in vaccinated animals.
  • The c-ELISA exhibited higher sensitivity compared to traditional tests for detecting antibodies against Brucella abortus in both naturally and experimentally infected cattle.

Conclusions:

  • The developed killed composite vaccine is safe and effective for animal immunization against Brucellosis.
  • The c-ELISA is a valuable tool for accurate diagnosis and effective management of Brucellosis in cattle populations, aiding in the discrimination of vaccinated animals.