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Introduction to Membrane Traffic

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...

The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin

The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin

Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...

Maturation of Endosomes

Maturation of Endosomes

The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Image-Based Methods to Study Membrane Trafficking Events in Stomatal Lineage Cells

Image-Based Methods to Study Membrane Trafficking Events in Stomatal Lineage Cells

Published on: May 12, 2023

Advances in dissecting endomembrane trafficking with small molecules.

Glenn R Hicks¹, Natasha V Raikhel

¹Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. ghicks@ucr.edu

Current Opinion in Plant Biology

|September 21, 2010

Summary

Chemical genomics offers new insights into plant endomembrane trafficking. Small molecules rapidly reveal vesicle-cargo associations, advancing systems-level understanding of this complex cellular network.

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Area of Science:

Plant biology
Chemical genomics
Cellular trafficking

Background:

Plant endomembrane trafficking is complex and difficult to study due to rapid dynamics and genetic redundancy.
Small molecules can rapidly inhibit or arrest vesicular trafficking, aiding in the study of vesicle-cargo associations.
Endosome compartments and their plasma membrane-destined cargoes are key targets for investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the utility of chemical genomics in plant biology.
To investigate plant endomembrane trafficking using small molecules.
To associate specific vesicles and cargoes within the endomembrane system.

Main Methods:

High-throughput chemical screening in plants.
Automated microscopy and image analysis.
Target identification and correlation of molecular data with phenotypic data.

Main Results:

Small molecules enable rapid inhibition of vesicular trafficking.
Facilitates association of specific vesicles (e.g., endosomes) with their cargoes.
Advances the discovery of novel bioactive molecules for studying endomembrane trafficking.

Conclusions:

Chemical genomics is a powerful approach for understanding plant endomembrane trafficking.
Integration of chemical genomics with advanced imaging and data analysis is crucial.
This approach enables a systems-based view of endomembrane trafficking networks.