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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Coronary microvascular function in early chronic kidney disease.

David M Charytan1, Heinrich R Shelbert, Marcelo F Di Carli

  • 1Department of Medicine, Renal Division, the Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, USA. dcharytan@partners.org

Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging
|September 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) does not independently reduce coronary microvascular function. However, coronary flow reserve (CFR) may decline faster in individuals with mild-to-moderate CKD.

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
10:31

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice

Published on: May 2, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Coronary microvascular dysfunction is a potential cause of high cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • The precise impact of mild-to-moderate CKD on coronary microvasculature function remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between mild-to-moderate CKD and coronary microvascular function.
  • To assess myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve (CFR) in relation to creatinine clearance (CrCl).

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative rest and pharmacological stress positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was performed in 435 nondiabetic individuals.
  • Myocardial blood flow and CFR were measured at baseline and 1 year.
  • Association analysis between CrCl and CFR/peak myocardial blood flow was conducted.

Main Results:

  • At baseline, CFR was associated with CrCl, but this was not significant after adjusting for age and blood pressure.
  • Peak myocardial blood flow was not associated with CrCl.
  • CrCl independently predicted a faster rate of CFR decline over 1 year (0.11 CFR units/year per 10 mL/min drop in CrCl).

Conclusions:

  • Mild-to-moderate CKD is not independently associated with reduced peak myocardial flow or CFR.
  • Microvascular changes in mild-to-moderate CKD are unlikely to fully explain the elevated cardiovascular mortality.
  • CFR decline may accelerate in mild-to-moderate CKD, warranting further investigation in more severe CKD.