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Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Metabolic abnormalities in children with asthma.

Lesley Cottrell¹, William A Neal, Christa Ice

¹Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506-9214, USA. gpiedimonte@hsc.wvu.edu

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

|September 21, 2010

Summary

Childhood asthma is linked to abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism, even in children with normal weight. This study highlights metabolic derangements as independent risk factors for pediatric asthma.

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Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

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Published on: March 15, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

Published on: November 4, 2010

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

Published on: March 15, 2018

Area of Science:

Pediatric Health
Metabolic Disorders
Respiratory Medicine

Background:

Childhood asthma and obesity are global health concerns.
Obesity is linked to metabolic disorders like diabetes.
The relationship between asthma, obesity, and metabolism in children is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

Analyze asthma diagnosis and body mass in children.
Investigate early lipid and glucose metabolism derangements as asthma risk factors.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional analysis of 17,994 children (4-12 years old).
Data collected from a statewide community-based screening program in West Virginia.
Included demographics, family history, smoke exposure, asthma diagnosis, body mass index, acanthosis nigricans, and fasting serum lipid profiles.

Main Results:

Children with asthma had higher triglyceride levels and acanthosis nigricans, irrespective of body mass index percentile.
These associations remained significant after controlling for sex and smoke exposure.
Acanthosis nigricans served as a marker for insulin resistance.

Conclusions:

First community-based data linking childhood asthma, body mass, and metabolic variables.
Asthma is significantly associated with abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism, independent of body mass index.
Findings suggest metabolic derangements are key factors in pediatric asthma.