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Related Concept Videos

Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

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Related Experiment Video

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Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram
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Published on: March 13, 2018

Saccadic latency in hepatic encephalopathy: a pilot study.

Florian Krismer1, Jonathan C P Roos, Melanie Schranz

  • 1Department of Medicine II-Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck, Austria.

Metabolic Brain Disease
|September 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Saccadic latency, an eye movement measure, objectively quantifies hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis patients. This quick clinical test is unaffected by kidney function, unlike traditional psychometric tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Hepatology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common, variable complication of cirrhosis.
  • Current clinical staging of HE is subjective and relies on psychometric tests.
  • Objective biomarkers are needed for accurate HE assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate saccadic latency as an objective indicator of HE.
  • To correlate saccadic latency with liver function and established HE tests.
  • To assess the influence of renal function on saccadic latency.

Main Methods:

  • Saccadic latencies were measured in 70 cirrhosis patients, 31 liver transplant recipients, and 31 controls.
  • Patients underwent psychometric tests (PSE test, critical flicker frequency), MELD score, and ammonia concentration measurements.
  • Liver, blood, and kidney function parameters were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Saccadic latencies were significantly prolonged in cirrhosis patients compared to transplant recipients and controls.
  • Reciprocal saccadic latency correlated with PSE tests, MELD score, and critical flicker frequency.
  • Saccadic latency was unaffected by renal function, unlike psychometric tests.

Conclusions:

  • Saccadic latency provides an objective and quantitative measure of HE.
  • Ocular response times offer a rapid, clinically applicable alternative to subjective psychometric assessments.
  • Saccadic latency is a promising biomarker for HE, independent of kidney function.