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Characterization of Immune Cells in Human Adipose Tissue by Using Flow Cytometry
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Characterization of Immune Cells in Human Adipose Tissue by Using Flow Cytometry

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[Physiological and pathological role of adipose tissue innate immune system receptors]

V Shvarts

    Patologicheskaia Fiziologiia I Eksperimental'Naia Terapiia
    |September 22, 2010
    PubMed

    Insights

    Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in adipose tissue link innate immunity to metabolic dysfunction. Their activation causes insulin resistance, contributing to obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Metabolic Diseases
    • Cell Biology

    Context:

    • Adipose tissue cells express Toll-like receptors (TLRs), specifically TLR-4 and TLR-2.
    • These receptors play a crucial role in the innate immune system.
    • Their activation influences cellular signaling pathways.

    Purpose:

    • To review the presence and function of TLR-4 and TLR-2 in adipose tissue.
    • To elucidate the physiological and pathological roles of these innate immune receptors.
    • To explore the link between TLR activation and metabolic disorders.

    Summary:

    • TLR activation in adipose, hepatic, and muscle cells induces insulin resistance, elevating blood glucose and lipid levels.
    • This physiological insulin resistance supports immune processes by supplying energy and building materials.
    • Ligands include microbial components and unsaturated fatty acids; inadequate dietary intake of the latter can pathologically activate TLR-4 and TLR-2.

    Impact:

    • Excessive TLR activation leads to adipose tissue inflammation, cytokine overproduction, and insulin resistance.
    • This contributes to the progression of obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
    • Understanding TLRs offers insights into metabolic disease pathogenesis.

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