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Related Concept Videos

Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
Surveys02:16

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
Bias01:22

Bias

Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology
09:55

Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology

Published on: September 28, 2022

Interviewer bias in medical student selection.

Barbara N Griffin1, Ian G Wilson

  • 1Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia. barbara.griffin@mq.edu.au

The Medical Journal of Australia
|September 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Interviewer personality and sex slightly influence medical student selection ratings. Skills-based training and standardized interview formats significantly reduce rating variations between interviewers.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Psychometric Assessment
  • Human Resources in Healthcare

Background:

  • Variability in interviewer ratings can impact the fairness and accuracy of medical student selection.
  • Understanding factors influencing interviewer judgment is crucial for refining admissions processes.
  • The Multiple Mini-Interview (MMI) is a widely used tool for assessing medical school candidates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if interviewer personality traits, sex, or same-sex pairings affect ratings in medical student selection interviews.
  • To quantify the variance in interviewee scores attributable to individual interviewers.
  • To assess the impact of skills-based interviewer training on reducing rating variability.

Main Methods:

  • Data collected from interviewers and interviewees during the 2006 and 2007 medical student selection process in Australia.

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Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology
09:55

Bridging the Technology Divide in the COVID-19 Era: Using Virtual Outreach to Expose Middle and High School Students to Imaging Technology

Published on: September 28, 2022

  • Utilized a survey for interviewer personality and demographic data, and interview performance for MMI scores.
  • Applied multilevel modeling to analyze the nested structure of interviewer-interviewee data and identify sources of variance.

    • Main Results:

    • Higher interviewer agreeableness correlated with higher ratings (r=0.26 in 2006, r=0.24 in 2007).
    • Higher neuroticism in interviewers correlated with lower ratings in 2007 (r=-0.25).
    • Female interviewers gave higher ratings in 2006 (t=2.99, P=0.003), but same-sex pairings did not influence scores.
    • Interviewer variance in scores ranged from 3.1% to 24.8%, significantly reduced by skills-based training (20.2% to 7.0%, t=4.42, P=0.004).

    Conclusions:

    • Interviewer personality and sex have a small but statistically significant effect on rating leniency.
    • The Multiple Mini-Interview (MMI) format, random interviewer allocation, and balanced sex representation help mitigate bias.
    • Skills-based interviewer training is effective in reducing variance between interviewers, enhancing assessment objectivity.