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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity
08:26

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

Published on: December 14, 2016

Reference values for B cell subpopulations from infancy to adulthood.

H Morbach1, E M Eichhorn, J G Liese

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Würzburg, Germany. morbach_h@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|September 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral B cell populations change significantly from infancy to adulthood. This study establishes age-dependent reference values for these B cell subsets, crucial for understanding immune development and disorders.

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The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity
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08:25

Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine B Cell Development

Published on: January 22, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Peripheral blood lymphocyte composition changes during development (ontogeny).
  • New B cell populations have been identified with potential age-dependent development.
  • Age-dependent reference values for specific B cell populations are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize developmental changes in peripheral B cell populations from infancy to adulthood.
  • To define age-dependent reference values for distinct B cell subsets.
  • To provide a basis for comparing B cell development in various immune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze peripheral blood B cells.
  • Frequencies and absolute counts of various B cell subsets were measured.
  • Analysis included naive, memory, transitional, and CD21(low) CD38(low) B cells in individuals up to 50 years old.

Main Results:

  • Most B cell subsets exhibited age-dependent developmental changes.
  • Infancy is characterized by transitional and naive B cells.
  • The proportion of switched and non-switched memory B cells increased with age.
  • CD21(low) CD38(low) B cells and plasmablasts showed no significant developmental changes.

Conclusions:

  • Significant changes occur in the peripheral blood B cell compartment during ontogeny.
  • This study provides essential reference values for B cell subpopulations.
  • These findings aid in studying immune deficiencies, autoimmunity, and B cell reconstitution post-therapy.