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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Nervous Tissue: Myelin

The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Experimental Demyelination and Remyelination of Murine Spinal Cord by Focal Injection of Lysolecithin
08:57

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Published on: March 26, 2015

Demyelination versus remyelination in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Stephan Bramow1, Josa M Frischer, Hans Lassmann

  • 1Laboratory of Neuropathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|September 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

In progressive multiple sclerosis, secondary progressive MS shows more active demyelination than primary progressive MS. However, primary progressive MS has better remyelination capacity, potentially protecting brain function until spinal cord involvement.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

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A Stably Established Two-Point Injection of Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Focal Demyelination Model in Mice
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Published on: May 11, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The mechanisms behind incomplete remyelination in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) remain unclear.
  • Pathological differences correlating with clinical presentations in primary progressive MS (PPMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pathological differences in brain and spinal cord lesions between PPMS and SPMS.
  • To explore the relationship between demyelination, remyelination, and clinical disability in progressive MS.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of brain and spinal cord tissue from 51 patients with progressive MS using planimetry.
  • Comparison of pathological features (plaque size, inflammation, demyelination, remyelination) between 13 PPMS and 34 SPMS patients.
  • Correlation analysis of pathological findings with retrospectively determined disease severity.

Main Results:

  • SPMS patients exhibited larger brain plaques, greater total demyelination, and higher loads of active demyelination compared to PPMS patients.
  • PPMS patients demonstrated a higher proportion of remyelinated shadow plaques and greater overall remyelination capacity in the brain.
  • Incomplete remyelination in the spinal cord correlated with increased disease-related disability, a correlation not observed in the brain.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct pathological profiles exist between PPMS and SPMS, with SPMS showing more active damage and PPMS having better remyelination potential.
  • Brain white matter in PPMS may be protected by regulatory and reparative mechanisms, delaying symptom onset until spinal cord is affected.
  • Slowly expanding demyelination appears to be a key pathological correlate of clinical progression in progressive MS.