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Related Concept Videos

Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
Gene Regulation During Sporulation01:17

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the timing and level of...

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Investigating Tissue- and Organ-specific Phytochrome Responses using FACS-assisted Cell-type Specific Expression Profiling in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Generation-biased gene expression in a bryophyte model system.

Péter Szövényi1, Stefan A Rensing, Daniel Lang

  • 1Department of Biology and Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, USA. pis@duke.edu

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|September 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating gene expression in moss (Funaria hygrometrica) reveals weaker generation-specific differences compared to Arabidopsis thaliana. This finding offers insights into the early evolution of land plant life cycles and terrestrial adaptations.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • The alternation of generations is a key feature in land plant evolution.
  • Studying generation-biased gene expression in early diverging plants like bryophytes can illuminate the evolution of plant life cycles.
  • Bryophytes represent early land plants and provide a model for understanding fundamental plant development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare generation-biased gene expression between sporophyte and gametophyte generations in the moss Funaria hygrometrica.
  • To compare gene expression differences in bryophytes with those in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • To identify conserved genes and regulatory networks involved in the evolution of land plant life cycles.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative transcriptomics of sporophyte and gametophyte generations in Funaria hygrometrica.
  • Comparison of F. hygrometrica gene expression data with existing data from Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Analysis of conserved regulatory networks and enriched biological pathways.

Main Results:

  • Gene expression differentiation between sporophyte and gametophyte generations is less pronounced in F. hygrometrica than in A. thaliana.
  • Limited conservation of generation-biased gene expression exists across land plants.
  • Shared sporophyte-biased genes in both species are enriched in pathways related to adaptation to terrestrial life.
  • Conserved regulatory networks may underpin sporophyte development in both bryophytes and angiosperms.

Conclusions:

  • The weaker generation-biased gene expression in bryophytes aligns with their basal phylogenetic position and the origin of alternation of generations.
  • Comparative analyses highlight conserved molecular adaptations to terrestrial life and potential conserved regulatory mechanisms in sporophyte development.
  • This study provides a foundation for future research into the evolutionary diversification of plant sporophytes.