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Muscles that Move the Arm

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...

Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

Published on: June 6, 2025

Rotator cuff tears: an overview.

Mary Atkinson Smith¹, W Todd Smith

¹Starkville Orthopedic Clinic, Starkville, MS, USA.

Orthopedic Nursing

|September 22, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Rotator cuff tears cause shoulder pain and disability. Understanding normal and abnormal rotator cuff anatomy is key for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment, improving patient outcomes.

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Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

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Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

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Published on: June 6, 2025

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: March 6, 2026

Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: January 23, 2026

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Musculoskeletal Medicine
Sports Medicine

Background:

Rotator cuff tears are a prevalent cause of shoulder pain and functional limitation.
Increasing prevalence necessitates a comprehensive understanding of rotator cuff anatomy and pathology.
Effective management hinges on accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of rotator cuff anatomy and pathology.
To detail physical assessment techniques and diagnostic imaging modalities for rotator cuff tears.
To discuss recommended treatment options and the role of patient education in rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

Review of normal and pathologic anatomy of the rotator cuff.
Description of physical examination maneuvers for rotator cuff assessment.
Discussion of imaging techniques (e.g., MRI, ultrasound) for tear diagnosis.
Overview of conservative and surgical treatment approaches.
Emphasis on patient education strategies for rehabilitation.

Main Results:

Detailed anatomical description of the rotator cuff muscles and tendons.
Identification of common tear patterns and associated pathologies.
Guidance on interpreting physical exam findings suggestive of rotator cuff tears.
Summary of imaging findings crucial for diagnosis and surgical planning.
Evidence supporting the efficacy of various treatment modalities.

Conclusions:

A thorough understanding of rotator cuff anatomy and pathology is essential for effective clinical management.
Accurate diagnosis through physical assessment and imaging guides treatment decisions.
Multimodal treatment approaches, including patient education, are vital for successful rehabilitation and improved patient outcomes.