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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
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Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

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Antigenic Liposomes for Generation of Disease-specific Antibodies
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Published on: October 25, 2018

Prophylactic mRNA vaccination against allergy.

Richard Weiss1, Sandra Scheiblhofer, Elisabeth Roesler

  • 1Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Diagnosis and Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|September 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines offer a safe, novel approach for preventing type I allergies by promoting a TH1 immune response, overcoming previous manufacturing and stability challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are emerging as a safe alternative to DNA vaccines, addressing safety and regulatory concerns.
  • While often used for tumor therapy, mRNA vaccines are now explored for prophylactic immunization against type I allergies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of mRNA vaccines in preventing type I allergy induction in a mouse model.
  • To investigate the mechanism of immune deviation toward a T-helper 1 (TH1) phenotype.

Main Methods:

  • Administration of conventional and self-replicating mRNA vaccines in a mouse model of type I allergy.
  • Assessment of key allergic markers including allergen-specific IgE, cytokine profiles, and airway hyperreactivity.

Main Results:

  • mRNA vaccination effectively prevented the development of allergic phenotypes, including reduced allergen-specific IgE and airway inflammation.
  • Novel findings have addressed previous limitations concerning manufacturing costs, stability, and immunogenicity.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA vaccines present a promising strategy for safety-optimized prophylactic vaccination against allergic diseases.
  • Further research is required to confirm long-term effects and translate these findings to clinical applications.