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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
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Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Disease-modifying therapies in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Fabricio González-Andrade1, José Luis Alcaraz-Alvarez

  • 1Department of Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital, Av. Mariana de Jesús Oe8 y Occidental, 170125, Quito, Ecuador. fabriciogonzaleza@yahoo.es

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
|September 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

High-dose subcutaneous interferon-β1a (44 μg three times weekly) is the most effective disease-modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, offering significant benefits with minimal side effects.

Keywords:
disease-modifying therapyinterferonrelapse preventionrelapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
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A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) requires effective disease-modifying therapies.
  • Optimizing treatment strategies is crucial for managing disability progression and relapses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the optimal disease-modifying therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
  • To evaluate efficacy and side effect profiles of available treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Evidence synthesis on disease-modifying therapies for RRMS.
  • Comparative analysis of treatment outcomes including disability progression, relapse rates, and MRI lesion activity.

Main Results:

  • High-dose, high-frequency subcutaneous interferon-β1a (44 μg three times per week) demonstrated superior efficacy.
  • This therapy effectively delays disability progression, prevents relapses, and reduces lesion activity.
  • It also exhibited a favorable side effect profile compared to other treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Subcutaneous interferon-β1a at 44 μg three times weekly is the current leading disease-modifying therapy for RRMS.
  • Early initiation and adherence are critical for long-term outcomes.
  • A comprehensive management approach including disease, symptom, and patient management is essential.