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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
05:54

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

Published on: December 13, 2017

Overview of essential tremor.

Theresa A Zesiewicz1, Abinaya Chari, Israt Jahan

  • 1Department of Neurology, Parkinson Research Foundation, James A. Haley Veterans Administration Hospital, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
|September 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Essential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder. This paper reviews current and emerging treatments, including medications and deep brain stimulation for severe cases.

Keywords:
Essential tremordiagnosispathogenesistreatment

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Essential tremor (ET) is a prevalent neurological condition affecting millions worldwide.
  • Current FDA-approved treatments for ET are limited, with propranolol being the sole medication.
  • Refractory cases often require advanced interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of essential tremor.
  • To discuss the latest advancements in medical and surgical treatment options for ET.
  • To cover the epidemiology and pathogenesis of ET.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on essential tremor.
  • Analysis of recent studies on novel pharmacological treatments.
  • Examination of surgical interventions, including deep brain stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Several new medications show promise for ET treatment.
  • Deep brain stimulation is an effective option for refractory ET.
  • Understanding of ET's epidemiology and pathogenesis is evolving.

Conclusions:

  • ET management is expanding beyond propranolol.
  • Surgical options offer hope for patients with severe, intractable tremors.
  • Further research is crucial for improved ET therapies.