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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
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Published on: June 16, 2022

T cell suppression by osteoclasts in vitro.

Francesco Grassi1, Cristina Manferdini, Luca Cattini

  • 1S.C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy. fgrassi@ior.it

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|September 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Osteoclasts, bone cells, are immune-competent, attracting and retaining T cells. They suppress T cell proliferation and cytokine production, impacting immune responses in bone.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

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Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro
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Effect of Anti-c-fms Antibody on Osteoclast Formation and Proliferation of Osteoclast Precursor In Vitro

Published on: March 18, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Bone Biology
  • Cellular Immunology

Background:

  • T cells regulate osteoclast activity in bone.
  • The reciprocal regulation of T cells by osteoclasts remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if osteoclasts are immune-competent cells.
  • To determine if osteoclasts influence T cell homing and responses.

Main Methods:

  • RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry to assess HLA Class II and costimulatory receptor expression on osteoclasts.
  • Chemokine measurement in osteoclast culture supernatants.
  • T cell co-culture assays with osteoclasts to evaluate proliferation, cytokine production, and apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • Mature osteoclasts express HLA Class II, CD40, and CD80.
  • Osteoclasts secrete T cell-attracting chemokines and retain T cells.
  • Osteoclasts suppress T cell proliferation, TNFα and IFNγ production, and decrease T cell apoptosis via a largely cell-contact independent mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoclasts possess immune competence.
  • Osteoclasts can retain T cells and modulate their response to stimuli.
  • Osteoclasts play a significant role in regulating T cell activity within the bone microenvironment.