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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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Published on: April 10, 2015

Four-coordinate, trigonal pyramidal Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes.

Charlene Tsay1, Neal P Mankad, Jonas C Peters

  • 1California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers characterized novel electrophilic platinum and palladium cations with trigonal pyramidal geometry. These complexes exhibit unusual coordination, differing from typical square planar structures, offering new insights into d(8) metal coordination chemistry.

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Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Standard four-coordinate d(8) platinum and palladium complexes typically adopt a square planar geometry.
  • Electrophilic metal centers with unusual coordination geometries are of significant interest for understanding bonding and reactivity.
  • The development of novel ligand frameworks is crucial for accessing unprecedented coordination environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize novel electrophilic, trigonal bipyramidal {[SiP(3)(R)]Pt(L)}(+) cations.
  • To investigate the formation of rigorously four-coordinate, trigonal pyramidal (TP) complexes.
  • To explore the geometric distinctions between these novel TP complexes and traditional square planar d(8) metal complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of novel platinum and palladium complexes featuring the [SiP(3)(R)] ligand.
  • Investigation of coordination behavior with various weakly coordinating ligands (e.g., CH(2)Cl(2), Et(2)O, toluene, H(2)).
  • Structural analysis to determine the coordination geometry (trigonal bipyramidal and trigonal pyramidal).

Main Results:

  • Successful characterization of electrophilic, trigonal bipyramidal {[SiP(3)(R)]Pt(L)}(+) cations.
  • Observation of a noteworthy cationic toluene adduct with a close platinum aryl C-H σ-contact.
  • Isolation of rigorously four-coordinate, trigonal pyramidal (TP) platinum and palladium complexes, {[SiP(3)(iPr)]Pt}(+) and {[SiP(3)(iPr)]Pd}(+).
  • These TP complexes represent a geometrically distinct class compared to typical square planar d(8) metal complexes.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully synthesized and characterized novel trigonal pyramidal d(8) platinum and palladium cations.
  • These findings expand the known coordination geometries for d(8) metal complexes.
  • The unique geometry offers potential for new reactivity and catalytic applications.