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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Layers of the Epidermis01:21

Layers of the Epidermis

The epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, is composed of several distinct layers. From deep to superficial, the layers of the epidermis are as follows:
Stratum Basale
Stratum basale, also known as the stratum germinativum, is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It is composed of a single layer of actively dividing cells called basal cells or basal keratinocytes. These cells constantly undergo cell division to replenish the upper layers of the epidermis. Additionally, melanocytes, which...
Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis
06:53

Cell Population Analyses During Skin Carcinogenesis

Published on: August 21, 2013

Skin deep and deeper: multiple pathways in basal cell carcinogenesis.

Craig D Peacock1, Charles M Rudin

  • 1Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, David H. Koch Cancer Research Building, Room 546, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. cpeacoc3@jhmi.edu

Cancer Prevention Research (Philadelphia, Pa.)
|September 23, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway, specifically Igfbp2, plays a crucial role in basal cell carcinogenesis. This finding offers new therapeutic targets for basal cell cancers.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Recent research highlights the intersection of hedgehog and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathways in oncogenesis.
  • Basal cell carcinogenesis is a complex process involving multiple signaling cascades.

Discussion:

  • Villani et al. demonstrate a critical role for the IGF regulatory protein Igfbp2 in a genetic model of basal cell cancer.
  • This involves targeted, constitutive activation of the hedgehog signaling pathway.
  • The study integrates these findings within the broader context of recent oncogenesis research.

Key Insights:

  • Igfbp2 is identified as a key player in hedgehog-driven basal cell carcinogenesis.
  • The study provides a genetic model to investigate this interaction.
  • These findings raise important questions regarding the cell of origin for basal cell cancers.

Outlook:

  • The identified role of Igfbp2 and the hedgehog pathway suggests potential therapeutic targets for basal cell cancer prevention and treatment.
  • Further research can explore the precise cellular mechanisms and refine targeted therapeutic strategies.